The Engineering Of Electricity What Is This Magic

Ethics in the engineering of electricity†¦What is this Magic?! What happened that made the United States need a code of ethics for engineers? According to the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) heritage, people in the early 1900s employer’s didn’t require certification from an employee to be hired as an engineer, who caused lots of problems and deaths due to safety issues [1]. In comparison to today’s standards that is blasphemy. It was only 100 years ago that each state started requiring licenses for engineers, in order to protect the public health. There are several disciplines that have and need a code of ethics such as civil, electrical, nuclear, industrial, chemical, mechanical, and aerospace. The American Institute of†¦show more content†¦These codes also state that each member conduct themselves in a responsible and lawful manner [4]. These codes established firm restrictions on their members to avoid injury to the public which incorporates an individual’s physical person, property, reputation or employment by using false or malicious actions. The code also touches on that each member needs to perform in the areas where they are competent. Simply that each member needs to assist their colleagues in their professional development in addition to acting as a faithful agent for their clients and employers. The IEEE codes were developed to help engineers make informed thoughtful decisions by using explicit and implicit language because it is up to the reader for interpretation. Both the IEEE and the NSPE code of ethics are worded similarly, nevertheless IEEE code seems to be based off of the NSPE code of ethics. In contrast, the NSPE code is descriptive and longer than IEEE. The NSPE code of ethics is specific and offers solutions to some common ethical circumstances that engineers encounter on a day to day basis. IEEE codes are shorter than NSPE they are left open to the interpreter nevertheless they d on’t specify a certain course of action for different circumstances that happen. Unfortunately the IEEE codes are left open for interpretation that could be read by people, like myself, as unhelpful because they lack the experience and know-how of what to do in

The Differences Between Men And Women - 1590 Words

Gender differences in memory Introduction There are many differences when it comes to comparing men and women. There are not only physical appearance differences but there are also internal working mechanisms of their bodies that are different. Men and women differ genetically, physiologically, and psychologically (Loftus, Banji, Schooler, 1987). Not only does battle of the sexes occur in real world situations, scientists argue back and forth as to which should be superior in terms of cognitive functioning and especially memory ability. Researchers have determined that memory ability may be influenced by differences in interest and expectations along with physiology capabilities (Loftus et al., 1987). It is also believed that cognitive style may play a role in what one remembers. Cognitive style is the psychological differences in a person’s manner of cognitive functioning particularly acquiring and processing information (Kozhevnikov, 2007). During early childhood, memory starts to develop by way of conversa tion with others primarily caregivers and parents (Dahl, 2014). It is believed that children there were asked for more detail in their story’s later in life could recall those earlier memories in more detail. Research has shown that parents spend more time introducing new information with girls and with boys more time talking about what to do with their feelings (Dahl, 2014). This could be in part because culture along with society tends to have genderShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Men And Women1171 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered what the differences are between men and women psychologically, and biologically? Men and Women are extremely different in many ways. Men act in certain ways and express themselves differently from how women do. There are many differences between the two genders including communication skills, biologically different, and the cultural stereotypes that have separated the two genders socially. Many relationships end due to the fact of misunderstanding each other and how to communicateRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women1405 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, there have been differences between men and women due to their gender. From different jobs to different roles in society, these differences have affected their lifestyles in the past as well as in the present and may continue into the future. These differences can go as far as to affecting their causes of death. Both men and women share several causes of death, including: heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, unintentional diseasesRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe differences between men and women were socially defined and distorted through a lens of sexism in which men assumed superiority over women and maintained it through domination. As the goal of equality between men and women now grows closer we are also losing our awareness of important differences. In some circles of society, politically correct thinking is obliterating important discussion as well as our awareness of the similarities and differences between men and women. The vision of equalityRead MoreDifference between men and women867 Words   |  4 Pages 9/22/13 Differences between Men and Women For centuries, the differences between men and women were socially defined through a lens of sexism, in which men assumed to be superior over women. The vision of equality between the sexes has narrowed the possibilities for discovery of what truly exists within a man and women. The world would be less interesting when everything is the same. Today none of us would argue that men and women are physically different, but they differ emotionally, and mentallyRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women1338 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of history, men and women have be faced with a communication barrier. The differing communication skills between men and women present challenges that can lead to foreseeable problems in relationships. These problems arise out of differing purposes, styles, traits, and emotions that accompany communication between the two sexes. Unless an understanding is reached, these barriers may never be broken down. The structure of men and women’s brain differ, which is the underlying causeRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women907 Words   |  4 PagesMen and women have distinct differences in communication styles. Women are categorized by being more discussion oriented, while men are more action oriented. Depending on home environment and the way parents raise men and women, men sometimes are the ones who communicate most. Men who are raised around women are more apt to become more in touch with their sensitive side leading to being able to express their feelings more freely. Men and women are taught, through childhood guardians, to soar in differentRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women905 Words   |  4 Pagescourse. History explains the story of how men and women have always been different. From the anatomy in the size of brains to life expectancy, men and women are each distinct. Camille Lewis points out that the difference between males and females is that each is biolog ically different. I disagree with Lewis that men and women innate their biological differences because their differences are also influenced by factors of the outside world in time. Men and women develop differently because they are drivenRead MoreThe Differences Between Men And Women1180 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Sexes (What is the differences between men and women?) Man and women were made is the beginning of time. The reason why, we will never know, but throughout history these two beings have been compared through every aspects of life. Men are the dominate creatures, controlling the earth, while women are the nurturers. The obvious differences between men and women have been capitalized and fought over throughout humankind’s history. Many of the people in the world have strong opinions onRead MoreDifference Between Men And Women1445 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of women taking the place of men in leadership nowadays. There was only 1 female CEO in the Fortune 500 companies in 1996, the number were raised to 12 in 2010 and raised further to 26 in the latest 2014 list (Fortune, 2015). Whether men are more suitable than women to play the role as leaders in the company and whether men’s manager abilities are greater than women’s abilities? Gender diversity causes differences in managerial methods between men and women, and I suggest that men and women areRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women1746 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Differences in Communication Have you ever thought someone wasn’t listening to you? Or that your request is being ignored because the response wasn’t framed in a way it should have been? Maybe it’s because you were speaking to a person who was of a different gender. Men use short direct speech, while women use indirect dialogue. Therefore, when genders meet up there’s a gap in communication. Men and women unconsciously communicate differently in numerous ways, so by understanding each other’s

Infrared Spectral Ranges For Imaging Application - 785 Words

Abstract: Infrared imaging is widely used in biochemical sensing, medical diagnosis, and astronomy. In this summer High Scholar program, we will develop reflection microscopy working at wide infrared spectral ranges for imaging application. Reflection microscopy is based on gold coated parabolic mirrors which make the microscope accessible to visible, infrared, and even terahertz light without chromatic aberration. Here, we will design and build a reflection microscope, and obtain visible and infrared images of simple biological samples such as onion cells to study a resolution and other potential functions of the home-built microscope. Introduction: An optical microscope is an instrument that allows us to view micrometer scale objects in a larger image. [Carl Zeiss] The microscope uses a compound lens which allows to get maximum magnification. The compound lens is made up of multiple lenses that have a common axis, allowing for a high magnification to be possible. The microscope consists of objective lens and eyepiece. The objective lens is a vital part of a microscope since the lens provides a few different variations of power for magnification, and the eyepiece magnification power helps multiply the objective lens power, which will create a large amount of magnification. However, a microscope image is limited by a lens material. Glass (fused silica) is only transparent to visible light and it cannot be used for infrared light. Recently, infrared imaging has been usedShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Food Quality On Food Industry912 Words   |  4 PagesMachine vision, as a novel non-destructive analyzing technology, has been widely studied and employed in various industries (Davies, 2012). It can be applied to inspect raw materials or products during manufacturing (Davies, 2013). Recently the applications of machine vision in food industry are increasing rapidly since the developments in camera technology and the processing power of computer hardware (Chen et al., 2013). Machine vision technology has many advantages such as improving quality, increasingRead MoreWe Need For Food Security For The Rising Global Population Calls For New Technologies1448 Words   |  6 Pagesconsume, and grapes sweeter. Imaging sensors and lasers mounted on aircraft, lidar, fluorescence spectroscopy, and energy efficient LEDs are some of the newest farming and food processing technologies that promise to revolutionize the industry (Chan 112). Photonics technologies can predict the level of proteins in wheat harvests, map the quality of water for the safety of fish stocks, and screen for any contaminants in tomatoe s, spinach, and other foods. A wide range of optical sensors are appliedRead MoreHyperpectral Image : Single Spectrum Analysis And Reflection Of Image971 Words   |  4 PagesHyperspectral imaging (HSI) order has progressed toward becoming a well known research point as of late, and compelling include extraction is a vital stride before the arrangement undertaking. Generally, Spectral component extraction methods are connected to the HSI information shape straightforwardly. This paper shows a novel calculation for HSI include extraction by abusing the curvelet transformed space by means of a moderately new unearthly component preparing procedure—solitary range examinationRead MoreIntroduction to Optical Coherence Tomography1001 Words   |  4 Pagesis a method of imaging which uses near-infrared or optical light scattering to produce three dimensional images of a medium. Medical applications are of particular interest, since OCT allows retinal and other tissues to be imaged with high resolution. I. Introduction Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a method of imaging which uses near-infrared or optical light scattering to produce three-dimensional images of a medium. In particular, this paper will focus on the application of OCT to medicalRead MoreThe Design Of A Spacecraft1892 Words   |  8 Pagespayloads consisted of: †¢ Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP): The Lyman Alpha Photometer consist of an ultra violet detector which has a pure molecular gas filled hydrogen and deuterium cells weighing about 1.5kgs. The LAP would be normally operated in the range of 3000 km before and after Mars perimeter. It measures the proportion of deuterium and hydrogen from Lyman-alpha emissions. Its main function is study the Mars upper atmosphere and the role of water in atmospheric loss process by measuring the deuteriumRead MoreExperimental Study On Different Flavourings Cat Medicine By Raman Spectroscopy2324 Words   |  10 Pagesfrom Mengxin Huang 2411550 CHEM 464 Supervisor: Keith C. Gordon University of Otago, Department of Chemistry 2015 â€Æ' Content Abstract Introduction Raman spectroscopy Principle of Raman spectroscopy Basic Raman scattering process Raman imaging Literature survey: limitations and considerations Effect of refraction Relative Raman scattering intensity Processing of data: multivariate analysis Aims and Objectives Plan of action for proposed research References â€Æ' Abstract TabletRead MoreForensic And Age Determination Of Blood Stains2967 Words   |  12 Pagesof blood, using equine blood samples. Raw spectral data processing was performed in order to minimize the differences between specular and diffuse reflectance due to cell size and shape, but also due to the varying thicknesses and densities of the bloodstains. This step was undertaken to ensure that minimum variation in measurement of stains of the same age occurs. Spectral feature selection by Fisher s weights was employed in order to obtain those spectral points most important and indicative ofRead MoreThe Principles Of Laser Doppler Flowmetry 21657 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples Of Laser Doppler Flowmetry 2 Clinical Applications 4 Recent Developments 4 Glossary 5 Works Cited 6 â€Æ' Introduction and History Laser Doppler flowmetry, or LDF, is a unique way to measure the microcirculatory blood flow without a painful or invasive procedure. LDF uses the Doppler shift theory as a way to transmit the information, with the scattering of light coming from the laser by way of the red blood cells. [A, B, C] Micro-vascular applications have greatly benefited from this type of technologyRead MoreA Study On The Gecko Adhesive System1909 Words   |  8 Pages Nanoscience is the study of objects measured in nanometers. To give a better perspective of size, one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or about eighty thousand times smaller than the diameter of a single human hair. A particular application of nano-materials in nature is the use of nano-finger tips which allow geckos to walk on walls. The gecko adhesive system incorporates one million foot hairs or setae in on each finger. One hair or seta contains a thousand of spatula tips which allow theRead MoreNanorobots in Cancer Treatment2107 Words   |  9 Pagesrobot should possess-down from the size up to the detection and treatment. TABLE OF CONTENTS: âž ¢ Introduction âž ¢ Reasons for applying nanotechnology to biological systems âž ¢ Improving Cancer Treatment âž ¢ Nano medicine âž ¢ Biomedical applications of nano robotics – Nanotechnologies in patient care âž ¢ Nanotechnology as a link between Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment âž ¢ Creation of Nano devices âž ¢ Design of Nano robots ââ€" ª Technique Used ââ€" ª Size ââ€" ª Structure

Prevention And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay - 1884 Words

When we have diseases or don’t feel well, we tend to seek treatments and try to cure it as soon as possible. For this disease, there are multiple of reliable treatments and ways to cure this disease. This disease hunts women worldwide, and it’s the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S Life can be really difficult and no one wants any sickness or diagnosed with such a hard-to-cure disease like cancer. It’s the most common cancer in women in the U.S and many countries also. Breast cancer is not a deadly disease like prostate cancer that so much harder to cure. Death rates have been going down since 1989, due to more and more ways that can impact this cancer. Due to the public understands more on breast cancer by doing research, and the advance medicine makes breast cancer easy to cured. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining on some of the risk factors, prevention, and screening on breast cancer that a woman can do to get ready and be aware of this cancer. A breast made up by three of the most important parts: lobules, ducts and stroma that are mainly for its function. The lobules are the milk producing glands, and it is important for breasting feeding the baby. In the breast, ducts are tiny tubes that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipple, and stroma were the fatty tissue and connective tissue that surrounds the ducts and lobules. Of course there are the functions of breast have more components like the blood vessels that are importantShow MoreRelatedPrevention And Treatment Of Breast Cancer3159 Words   |  13 Pagesvast majority of cancer deaths, metastasis is the complex process by which the cancer cells spread from the primary site to distant sites throughout the body by way of increased tumor invasiveness. Tumor cells persist in replication and may inadequately differentiate into specialized cells as they attain an aggressive manner. Given that it is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States, approxi mately 1 in 8 women and 1 in 1,000 men in America may develop breast cancer throughout theirRead MorePrevention Of Complications And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Treatment1418 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped lymphedema as a result of breast cancer treatment. Lymphedema is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues surrounding a lymph node. Lymphedema occurs when there is a disruption in the lymphatic system caused by either a congenital abnormality or can be caused by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, injury, infection or blockage (Shahap, 2013). Lymphedema is a chronic and progressive condition that has no cure. The patient must understand that prevention of complications depends on self-managementRead MoreHow do cultural differences affect breast cancer prevalence, prevention, and treatment in African-American, Hispanic/Latina, and Caucasian women livin883 Words   |  4 PagesHow do cultural differences affect breast cancer prevalence, prevention, and treatment in African- American, Hispanic/Latina, and Caucasian women living in the United States? Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear inRead MoreInformative Breast Cancer Speech Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech: Breast Cancer Attention Getter: What do Sheryl Crow, Judy Blume, Suzanne Somers, Wanda Sykes and my Mother have in common? They are all breast cancer survivors. Topic Disclosure: Today I am going to talk to you about breast cancer information and awareness Preview: During my speech I will discuss: * Symptoms and Diagnosis * Treatment and Side effects * Ways to lower risk and Statistics Audience Link: There is a large amount of men and women who are diagnosedRead MoreA Study On Breast Cancer843 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women (Up to Date, 2014). The associated risk can be as high as 12% for every woman in the United States, regardless of family history (American Cancer Society, 2013). For this reason, care begins with patient education, risk stratification, and preventative medicine. The paper will review preventative options, risk stratification based on genetics and age, and breast cancer treatmentRead MoreOverview of Breast Cancer Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesIf you or a loved one were diagnosed with breast cancer, how would you feel? You would probably feel very afraid and worried. Breast cancer is a common and potentially deadly form of cancer that affects both men and women. There are risk factors for getting the disease and there are different types of treatment for people who have been diagnosed with the disease. There are also steps that people can take to try to prevent getting breast cancer or at least catch it early. Luckily there are manyRead MoreIn The 21St Century, The Advancement In Medical Technology1143 Words   |  5 Pagesscreening for breast cancer is one of the most widely tested for the disease in the U.S. (Gail and Mai, 2010:666). Other pop culture factors have increased the awareness of this type of DNA counseling. In 2013 actress Angelina Jolie wrote a piece for the New York Times where she very publicly discussed her experience with BRCA testing and her decision to have a preventative mastectomy and reconstructive breast surgery as a form of prevention. With her mother dying of breast and ovarian cancer, Jolie wasRead MorePrimary Prevention of Breast Cancer1192 Words   |  5 Pagestopic related to primary prevention, secondary prevention, or tertiary care. Explain why this is an important topic of discussion based on your personal belief, and based on valid research. Paper should be 1.5 – 2 pages. APA format must be followed. Detailed assignment information will be provided. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the 2nd most leading cause of their death. It is estimated that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life time and itRead More Breast Cancer Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. There are many different types of cancer that are affecting people all over. Breast Cancer is one of these, and is found in man and women. Over 200,000 women and 1,300 men have been diagnosed with breast cancer this year. One in eight women will detect breast cancer in their lifetime. Men are less than one percent of the cases of breast cancer that are detected. Although prevention is not yet available, earlyRead MoreEssay about The Biology of Breast Cancer1069 Words   |  5 PagesStates, Breast Cancer occurs in about one in eight women which is currently the most common cancer among women. The number of cases is expected to decrease due to the advancements in technology and dedicated researchers. Scientists have put an estimated 4.8 billion dollars towards the research every year to help find a cure or a new treatment for breast cancer (STAT Facts Breast Cancer). Researchers have found causes, put in resear ch and theories that help with understanding treatments, prevention

Pencils Are Better Than Pens †Debate Free Essays

Pencils are better than Pens Ladies and gentlemen, When you go to war you want to be prepared with the right weapons. Having the wrong ones can limit you success and impair your skills. Isn’t this the same case for writing a paper? When you sit down to write a paper you want to make your ideas flow, to be able to erase false ones, and stay focused; pencils enable you to do all of those things more effectively than pens. We will write a custom essay sample on Pencils Are Better Than Pens – Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pencils have erasers to fix all your mistakes, they’re 100% organic, and contrary to pens, which can be very messy, pencils are neat and long lasting. When you are writing, you make mistakes all the time. You write words messily, you spell them wrong, and you mix up the order of what you are trying to say. If you are writing with a pen you have to scribble out all of those misspelled words or draw arrows to where you want things to be. When you’re done, it looks like a paper in disarray. If you write with a pencil you don’t have to do any of that. You can erase all of your misspelled words, and neatly move sentences to where ever you want. When you’re finished your paper looks faultless. It has no messy scribbles or long confusing arrows, everything is precisely how you want it to be. Of course scientists have created an erasable pen, but it doesn’t work as well as pencils. Erasable pens can erase, but they normally leave streaks or smudges on the page. You also can’t just use any eraser on it, it has to be a special eraser that costs more than a regular pencil eraser. Pencils are much more affective at erasing and keeping papers mess free. Secondly, pencils are 100 percent organic. They are made up of cedar, graphite, and metal. Which are all organic substances. Pens are made up of plastic and ink. Ink is made up of oil, which is harmful to the earth. Plastic is not organic, and pollutes the environment. Also if you break a pen in half, it is permanently broken, and becomes incredibly messy. Once they are broken they end up getting thrown away, and produce more trash. When a pencil is broken in half. All you have to do is sharpen it, and you have two pencils! This then reduces the amount of wasted materials. With that in mind, pens are much messier than pencils. Pencils can’t write n you or other objects besides paper. But pens on the other hand can write on almost any surface. Even when you write, you can smudge it all over your page when its not dry, it gets all over your hands, and it’s very hard to get off of your skin. Once your skin absorbs the ink it can give you ink poisoning. But pencils can’t poison you, or do anything permanently harmful to you, and they are mess free. Lastly, pencils are a very useful and long lasting utensil. According to Dixon Ticonderoga Pencil Company, pencils can draw a line 35 miles long. And according to bicworld. com pens can draw a line 1. 24 miles long. Using one pencil is the equivalent to using 28 pens. One organic pencil eliminates much more waste than 28 pens do. In conclusion, pencils are the prime utensil for writing a paper. Pencils have erasers to erase all your mistakes. They are 100 percent organic, and unlike pens they are neat and long lasting. You don’t want to impair your skills nor limit your success, so when you sit down to write a paper, remember to use the better writing utensil, the pencil. Thank you. How to cite Pencils Are Better Than Pens – Debate, Papers

More Than My Name free essay sample

My name: 16 letters, two words, five syllables – but an overwhelmingly insufficient means of defining who I am. I am a lover of literature, a skilled speaker of sarcasm, and a life-long advocate of underage thinking. I see the light at the end of every tunnel and Carpe the heck out of every Diem. My life is an unending series of experiments that have ever-changing variables but always feature the constants of family, friends, and fried food. I defy the stereotypes associated with my golden locks but fit those of my astrological sign. I live in the moment but analyze each one before I retire to my pile of pillows. I sometimes surrender to the temptations and weaknesses that befall humanity but champion moderation. I am rooted in Poland but cultivated in America. I am a walking contradiction but a testament to all things unconventional. Reveling in the dialogue of Quentin Tarantino’s movies is my guilty pleasure; Pokemon battling is my hobby; memorizing the gamut of American court cases is my goal; becoming the change I want to see in the world is my purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on More Than My Name or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am a master at the art of over-achieving, judge and jury on the case of Beecher v Self, and a master chef of Kraft macaroni and cheese. Knowledge is my one true love, while reality television is my occasional mistress. Jealousy is my biggest weakness, while determination is my best asset. Poetry makes my mind smile, while cuddling with my chubby puppy warms my heart. I am a dedicated student by day, a video gamer by night, and a grammar Nazi full-time. Journalistic opportunities knock on my door, friends cry on my shoulder, and pursuits of perfection weigh on my mind. When it comes to I-Spy, no item is safe from my little eye. I sold my soul to comedy and find sweet euphoria in sharp tongues and uncanny wit. My love for written expression and all things argumentative will hopefully translate into a law degree. My quest for self-identity has led me down congested highways and deserted dirt roads, but I navigate every path with a full tank of gas in my car and a trusty moral compass in my hand. I am motivated by friendly competition and fueled by Diet Coke. Hundreds of hours of my life have been devoted to volunteering in my community, pulling all-nighters, and wielding words as weapons of mass creation. Ultimate happiness is the station that my every train of thought leads to. I am a product of the people I have met, the initiatives I have spearheaded, the literature I have penned, the conversations I have engaged in, and the life experiences and skills I have stocked in my vast repertoire. My personal statement: 25 sentences, 481 words, 2,254 characters – but only a smidgeon of what I can bring to my future university.

Legal Process for Australian Federal Police - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLegal Process for Australian Federal Police. Answer: Dietrich v The Queen 17 CLR 292 Fact of the Case It is important case of High Court of it Australia where it concerns with the nature of the right to a fair trial and provided with Legal Aid by the state for the indigent defendant who is not able to afford the legal representation[1]. The fact of the case is the accused who is known as a criminal named Dietrich has came to Melbourne from Bangkok Thailand he also carrot 70 grams of heroin which was cancelled with condoms and swallowed it[2]. After arriving in mailbox along with those things the Australian Federal police have arrested him from his flat where they found one of the condoms and some heroine in a plastic bag. Immediately he was taken into the custody and remain of the condoms has been passed on that night at the hospital in vintage prison[3]. However the accused also alleged to the police that they have planted the drugs[4]. The accused was tried in the county Court of Victoria where the court has alleged crimes for the trafficking offence under the Customs Act 1901[5]. At the moment of trial process he has no legal represent. Therefore he had applied for assistance under the Legal Aid commission of Victoria[6]. However the assistance has ask him that if he pleaded for guilty then they will help him but he refused to have the guilty and again apply to the Supreme Court of Victoria but again he was refused. However he was again charged with position of a quantity of heroin and convicted of the principal church in the county Court[7]. Dietrich applied for an appeal in the Supreme Court where the court has denied accepting his appeal and then he was applied for the leave to appeal on the high court of Australia[8]. Legal Issues In this case the accused work represented by David Grace, in the High Court where he has argued about the trial which was miscarriage of Justice due to not having any legal representation[9]. He also added that the accused is charged with 4 offences which were given the seriousness of the crime. Therefore until he being able to obtain any Council for himself a court must adjourned the trial[10]. Dietrich has been added with section 397 of the Victorian crimes Act 1958 where it defined that the accused person must admitted after the close of the case of the prosecution to make public expense and defense should be processed by the legal practitioner[11]. Dietrich was also again stated with international law which is described under the United Nations International Convenient on Civil and Political Rights where the Article 14(3) has stated that accused must be served with legal assistance as per the interest of the justice and in the third source he also suggested about some similar cases of the common law of United States and Canada in United States the 6 amendment to the United States constitution provide the statement that in the criminal prosecution the accused must obtain the right to have the assistance of counsel for the defense purposes but that doesnt establishes the meaning where the Council is bound to provide it by the state[12]. In Canada the Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms stated that where it was written and instruct Council without any delay and to be informed of that right however it is a right to Legal Aid[13]. Dietrich also stated about the miscarriage of justice where he mentioned about the use of discretionary powers and granted an adjournment due to the unavailability of the Council himself which has occurred for the miscarriage of Justice[14]. In that matter the High Court has mentioned that the trial judge may not be able to know about the authority to add legal assistance the trial which make the case was more complicated. The Jury has also not able to find about the charges of the accused[15]. He may guilty of importing the heroine in the condoms but if they did not found any guilty then there will be an uncertainty and it will be possible that the accused may also acquitted of the other charges[16]. However regarding this case majority of High Court and decided that the common law has no right to provide any legal assistance to all the cases but there are some exceptions face the assistant is needed for the sitting of appropriate ensure of a fair trial. Though the judges has not provides any legal assistance for the accused due to not having any power to opponent council. However it has been added that for the special cases where the accused is not went to obtain general resistance then it will provide the assistance on the above the accused Dietrich who has mentioned about the right to obtain the legal assistance but in some cases the consequences in the constitution say that the Dietrich's other argument was that the trial judge should have used discretionary powers and granted an adjournment until Dietrich was able to provide counsel himself, and that the failure to do so caused a miscarriage of justice and the judicial power should be processed with judicial application and as per the best interest it must be observed[17]. However due to the majority decisions finally the court has granted the appeal for the fair trial where the conviction must be washed and start a new trial[18]. Judgment After the conversation after the conviction the accused husband charged with the illegal conducts where he was released after sometime then he changed his name by deed poll to Hugo Rich and again he was charged with three armed robberies and jailed for 13 years. Later he was released and once again he arrested for firearm charges and murder of security guard Erwin Kastenberger at the time of arms robbery in Victoria. Now he has in jail for lifetime imprisonment of 30 years[19]. Issue According to the case study the issue has identified whether Kate and Karim has liable for any nuisance? Whether the issued infringement notice is applicable for them for having smoking and other nuisance? Rules According to the case study, the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 defines the statues for the tenants and residential purposes where the owner or the tenants are bound to follow the rules[20]. This act defines the objects for the prohibition of the offensive and other dangerous conducts which affected the apartment and the unit resident[21]. As per the Part 2 of the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 stated the facts in the sec-3 about the offenses when any nuisance has caused due to the failure of the obligations by the tenants or the unit residents[22]. If any resident of the apartments has create any nuisance which cause any undue noise or offensive odours or annoyance which affect other apartment residents between 10 pm or Before 6 am then it will be grated as offence to cause a nuisance[23]. The Sec- 4 of the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 defines the offences to conducts the business activities. It also describe that the apartment residents are must not involve any conducts of business activities from the apartment in any time[24]. Therefore if someone has found to involve with any conducts of offences then that resident will be punished with penalties. Therefore according to the case study, Mrs. Granvile who is the residents of the same apartment where Kate runs her business and when she feel disturbs due to the smoking and loud discussion it maker the nuisance. Therefore according to the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 it is an offence of under the Sec- 3 of where they are charged with offences to cause a nuisance. It this matter it also included that as Kate is running the business on that apartment therefore according to the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 she also breach the terms of Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 and under the Sec- 4 of this act she has made the offences of conduct business activities[25]. Now the liabilities will lies for both of Kate and Karam[26]. Now the police has also issued infringement notice to them under the Sec 3 and 4 of Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017[27]. Application According to the case study, Kate runs her business where she teaches to newly arrived migrants from 8-9 pm in every morning and on that day of the situation she was teaching one of her student Karam until 10.30pm. Now as they are smoking and discussing in loud voice their neighbor from unit 2 Mrs. Granville has been disturbed and due to the nuisance she has informed to the police ad they are charged with the offences of sec-3 and 4 of the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017[28]. According to the Residential Tenancies Act the tenant are have several duties and obligation in Australia[29]. As per the application of the act the tenants are obliged under several duties where they can enjoy the possession of the property after the landlord has handover the property under some circumstances. They have the ownership or the possession of the property for a particular of time was they are allowed to enjoy the undisturbed possession of the tenant property[30]. However there is a particular limitation of the property where they are entitled to enjoy such possession under some circumstances of the tenant property. Even they can enjoy the property against the landlord according to the terms and condition of the agreement. In the case of Worrall v Commissioner of Housing for the Australian Capital Territory [2002][31] the court has found that the tenants are owned to a particular of rights where the landlord has breach the duties and interfere in the rights of the tenant and which make the breach of the tenant agreement[32]. Though the landlords are not obliged to interfere in the possession of the tenant premises but the tenants are not also obliged to cause any nuisance in the tenant property. If they make any conducts of nuisance in the tenant property then the neighbor of the said premises make the interference with tenants[33]. Even they can complain against the activities of them due to the nuisances[34]. They are allowed to create any nuisance in the tenant premises and along with the guests of the tenants are also comes under such obligation where they are must not engaged with any nuisance which cause disturbances towards the neighbors. In the nuisance they are also obliged not to smoke to high which affect the neighbors or residents who are staying the apartments or the near premises. It also consider as nuisance[35]. However according to the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 defines the resident who could be the owner, lessee or any person in charge of apartment and the business activities defines the activities where it relates with a running a commercial enterprise and customer related activities. Therefore according to the sec- 3 and 4 of the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 Kate and Karam has both make the offences where they can be charged with the penalties with $400 and $2400 for the offence to cause a nuisance and offence to conducts business activities[36]. Conclusion Therefore both of them can use the defenses where they can use the power to enjoy of the property as the tenant who is obliged to enjoy their possession according to the agreement of tenancy[37]. Therefore they are not bound to have any obligation to enjoy the property. As they are discussing about the teaching purposes which is included as business activities therefore they can argue on this matter where teaching is important. However according to the Apartment and Unit Obligation Act 2017 they are liable for the offences of nuisance where they can be charged with the penalties[38]. Reference Australia, Western. "smoke in NSW strata schemes, and o Assisting to align NSW strata law with the scientific evidence on the harms of." (2015). Bell, Virginia. "Keeping the criminal law in." Judicial Review: Selected Conference Papers: Journal of the Judicial Commission of New South Wales, The. Vol. 12. No. 4. Judicial Commission of NSW, 2016. Christensen, Sharon A. 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